Review



antibody against grb2  (Proteintech)


Bioz Verified Symbol Proteintech is a verified supplier  
  • Logo
  • About
  • News
  • Press Release
  • Team
  • Advisors
  • Partners
  • Contact
  • Bioz Stars
  • Bioz vStars
  • 93

    Structured Review

    Proteintech antibody against grb2
    Antibody Against Grb2, supplied by Proteintech, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 93/100, based on 26 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/result/antibody against grb2/product/Proteintech
    Average 93 stars, based on 26 article reviews
    antibody against grb2 - by Bioz Stars, 2026-03
    93/100 stars

    Images



    Similar Products

    93
    Proteintech antibody against grb2
    Antibody Against Grb2, supplied by Proteintech, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 93/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/result/antibody against grb2/product/Proteintech
    Average 93 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    antibody against grb2 - by Bioz Stars, 2026-03
    93/100 stars
      Buy from Supplier

    93
    Proteintech antibodies against grb2
    <t>GRB2</t> is elevated and has a poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. (A) Box plot shows the mRNA of GRB2 in normal and tumor tissues from UALCAN. (B) Box plot shows the protein level of GRB2 in normal and tumor tissues. (C) GRB2 immunohistochemical demonstration from the HPA database. (D) The survival curve for GRB2 in breast cancer patients from UALCAN. BRCA, breast invasion carcinoma.
    Antibodies Against Grb2, supplied by Proteintech, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 93/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/result/antibodies against grb2/product/Proteintech
    Average 93 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    antibodies against grb2 - by Bioz Stars, 2026-03
    93/100 stars
      Buy from Supplier

    90
    Thermo Fisher primary antibodies against grb2
    A Quantification of ppERK response to EGF (50 ng/mL) in Beas2B cells that were transfected with EML4-ALK (V1), EML4-ALK (∆TD), or kinase-dead EML4-ALK (K589M), or with an empty vector (EV). Data points represent mean ± SEM of three biological replicates, each representing 200–400 EV cells, 130-270-EML4-ALK (V1) cells, 55–160 EML4-ALK (∆TD) cells, or 260–450 EML4-ALK (K589M) cells. B Colocalization of EML4-ALK condensates with endogenously tagged <t>GRB2</t> ( GRB2:mNG2 ). See Fig. for quantitation. Scale = 10 µm. C GRB2:mNG2 Beas2B cells were transiently transfected with EML4-ALK and stimulated with EGF (50 ng/mL) to visualize GRB2 translocation in the presence and absence of EML4-ALK (V1). D Impaired membrane translocation of GRB2 in the presence of EML4-ALK condensates. Time in mm:sec. See Supplementary Movie . E Line scan of GRB2 intensity distribution in the presence (red) or absence (gray) of EML4-ALK expression, as depicted in ( C ). F Quantitation of translocation of endogenous GRB2 or SOS1 in the presence (red) or absence (gray) of EML4-ALK. Boxplot indicates the median and upper/lower quartiles, and whiskers extend to 1.5*IQR. See Fig. for full quantitation. G GRB2 localization and translocation were visualized upon treatment with 1 µM ALKi and subsequent stimulation with EGF (50 ng/mL). Time in hh:mm. H Quantification of kinetics of GRB2 dissociation from condensates after ALKi treatment. I ALKi restores GRB2 and SOS translocation. Plot shows median translocation of endogenous adapters in cells expressing EML4-ALK(V1) represented as a fraction of translocation in the absence of EML4-ALK (V1). Data represent medians, error bars show 1st and 3rd quartiles of 1000 bootstrapped samples (distributions found in Fig. F, G). Significance assessed by one-sided bootstrap test for comparison of medians. See Fig. for underlying data and quantitation. J Immunoprecipitation of EGFR shows enhanced co-precipitation of GRB2 and SOS1 in the presence of both ALKi pretreatment and EGF in STE-1 cells. gray arrows: non-specific bands. K Densitometry quantification of three independent pulldowns. L Testing effect of GRB2 overexpression on ERK response. M Expression levels of GRB2-GFP or GFP analyzed in ( N , O ). N ppERK levels in the absence (open circles) or presence (closed circles) of EGF stimulation (50 ng/mL) as a function of expression levels of GFP or GRB2-GFP. Data represent mean ± SEM of three biological replicates, each representing the mean of 100–300 cells. O Absolute magnitude of ppERK increase for each expression bin from data shown in ( N ). Significance assessed by one-sided T-test, n = 3 biological replicates. P Fold-change of response calculated from data in ( N ). Q Conceptual model of how EML4-ALK suppresses transmembrane RTKs. EML4-ALK sequesters adapters like GRB2/SOS1 and prohibits their translocation to activated RTKs. ALK inhibition releases adapter sequestration and restores cellular response to RTK stimulation.
    Primary Antibodies Against Grb2, supplied by Thermo Fisher, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/result/primary antibodies against grb2/product/Thermo Fisher
    Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    primary antibodies against grb2 - by Bioz Stars, 2026-03
    90/100 stars
      Buy from Supplier

    95
    Cell Signaling Technology Inc primary rabbit antibodies against egfr py1173
    A Quantification of ppERK response to EGF (50 ng/mL) in Beas2B cells that were transfected with EML4-ALK (V1), EML4-ALK (∆TD), or kinase-dead EML4-ALK (K589M), or with an empty vector (EV). Data points represent mean ± SEM of three biological replicates, each representing 200–400 EV cells, 130-270-EML4-ALK (V1) cells, 55–160 EML4-ALK (∆TD) cells, or 260–450 EML4-ALK (K589M) cells. B Colocalization of EML4-ALK condensates with endogenously tagged <t>GRB2</t> ( GRB2:mNG2 ). See Fig. for quantitation. Scale = 10 µm. C GRB2:mNG2 Beas2B cells were transiently transfected with EML4-ALK and stimulated with EGF (50 ng/mL) to visualize GRB2 translocation in the presence and absence of EML4-ALK (V1). D Impaired membrane translocation of GRB2 in the presence of EML4-ALK condensates. Time in mm:sec. See Supplementary Movie . E Line scan of GRB2 intensity distribution in the presence (red) or absence (gray) of EML4-ALK expression, as depicted in ( C ). F Quantitation of translocation of endogenous GRB2 or SOS1 in the presence (red) or absence (gray) of EML4-ALK. Boxplot indicates the median and upper/lower quartiles, and whiskers extend to 1.5*IQR. See Fig. for full quantitation. G GRB2 localization and translocation were visualized upon treatment with 1 µM ALKi and subsequent stimulation with EGF (50 ng/mL). Time in hh:mm. H Quantification of kinetics of GRB2 dissociation from condensates after ALKi treatment. I ALKi restores GRB2 and SOS translocation. Plot shows median translocation of endogenous adapters in cells expressing EML4-ALK(V1) represented as a fraction of translocation in the absence of EML4-ALK (V1). Data represent medians, error bars show 1st and 3rd quartiles of 1000 bootstrapped samples (distributions found in Fig. F, G). Significance assessed by one-sided bootstrap test for comparison of medians. See Fig. for underlying data and quantitation. J Immunoprecipitation of EGFR shows enhanced co-precipitation of GRB2 and SOS1 in the presence of both ALKi pretreatment and EGF in STE-1 cells. gray arrows: non-specific bands. K Densitometry quantification of three independent pulldowns. L Testing effect of GRB2 overexpression on ERK response. M Expression levels of GRB2-GFP or GFP analyzed in ( N , O ). N ppERK levels in the absence (open circles) or presence (closed circles) of EGF stimulation (50 ng/mL) as a function of expression levels of GFP or GRB2-GFP. Data represent mean ± SEM of three biological replicates, each representing the mean of 100–300 cells. O Absolute magnitude of ppERK increase for each expression bin from data shown in ( N ). Significance assessed by one-sided T-test, n = 3 biological replicates. P Fold-change of response calculated from data in ( N ). Q Conceptual model of how EML4-ALK suppresses transmembrane RTKs. EML4-ALK sequesters adapters like GRB2/SOS1 and prohibits their translocation to activated RTKs. ALK inhibition releases adapter sequestration and restores cellular response to RTK stimulation.
    Primary Rabbit Antibodies Against Egfr Py1173, supplied by Cell Signaling Technology Inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 95/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/result/primary rabbit antibodies against egfr py1173/product/Cell Signaling Technology Inc
    Average 95 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    primary rabbit antibodies against egfr py1173 - by Bioz Stars, 2026-03
    95/100 stars
      Buy from Supplier

    95
    Cell Signaling Technology Inc antibodies against grb2
    Fig. 1 <t>GRB2</t> and BECN1 co-immunoprecipitate in multiple cell lines. GRB2 was immunoprecipitated from different cell lines followed by western blotting analysis: A BT-474, SKBR3 and MDA-MB-361 cells were treated with Torin (0.25 μM for 3 h, or DMSO control). Asterisk indicates the band for BECN1, the bottom band on the IP panel corresponds to the IgG heavy chain; B MCF7 cells overexpressing the indicated plasmids and treated with Torin 1 (or DMSO control; 3 h, 0.25 μM); C HeLa cells overexpressing FLAG-BECN1 (BECN1) or an empty vector control (V), the arrow indicates the band for GRB2, the bottom band on the IP panel corresponds to the IgG light chain. IP: immunoprecipitation; IgG: IgG control; V: Vector control; WCL: whole cell lysate.
    Antibodies Against Grb2, supplied by Cell Signaling Technology Inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 95/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/result/antibodies against grb2/product/Cell Signaling Technology Inc
    Average 95 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    antibodies against grb2 - by Bioz Stars, 2026-03
    95/100 stars
      Buy from Supplier

    90
    Danaher Inc rabbit antibodies against human grb2
    Fig. 1 <t>GRB2</t> and BECN1 co-immunoprecipitate in multiple cell lines. GRB2 was immunoprecipitated from different cell lines followed by western blotting analysis: A BT-474, SKBR3 and MDA-MB-361 cells were treated with Torin (0.25 μM for 3 h, or DMSO control). Asterisk indicates the band for BECN1, the bottom band on the IP panel corresponds to the IgG heavy chain; B MCF7 cells overexpressing the indicated plasmids and treated with Torin 1 (or DMSO control; 3 h, 0.25 μM); C HeLa cells overexpressing FLAG-BECN1 (BECN1) or an empty vector control (V), the arrow indicates the band for GRB2, the bottom band on the IP panel corresponds to the IgG light chain. IP: immunoprecipitation; IgG: IgG control; V: Vector control; WCL: whole cell lysate.
    Rabbit Antibodies Against Human Grb2, supplied by Danaher Inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/result/rabbit antibodies against human grb2/product/Danaher Inc
    Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    rabbit antibodies against human grb2 - by Bioz Stars, 2026-03
    90/100 stars
      Buy from Supplier

    90
    Cell Signaling Technology Inc antibodies against growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 (grb2)
    Fig. 1 <t>GRB2</t> and BECN1 co-immunoprecipitate in multiple cell lines. GRB2 was immunoprecipitated from different cell lines followed by western blotting analysis: A BT-474, SKBR3 and MDA-MB-361 cells were treated with Torin (0.25 μM for 3 h, or DMSO control). Asterisk indicates the band for BECN1, the bottom band on the IP panel corresponds to the IgG heavy chain; B MCF7 cells overexpressing the indicated plasmids and treated with Torin 1 (or DMSO control; 3 h, 0.25 μM); C HeLa cells overexpressing FLAG-BECN1 (BECN1) or an empty vector control (V), the arrow indicates the band for GRB2, the bottom band on the IP panel corresponds to the IgG light chain. IP: immunoprecipitation; IgG: IgG control; V: Vector control; WCL: whole cell lysate.
    Antibodies Against Growth Factor Receptor Bound Protein 2 (Grb2), supplied by Cell Signaling Technology Inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/result/antibodies against growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 (grb2)/product/Cell Signaling Technology Inc
    Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    antibodies against growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 (grb2) - by Bioz Stars, 2026-03
    90/100 stars
      Buy from Supplier

    96
    Santa Cruz Biotechnology antibodies against mct1
    Lactate modulates CD8+ T cell metabolism. (A, B) Volcano plot generated from the RNA-seq data, representing differentially expressed TCA cycle (A) or glycolytic (B) genes in NaLac- relative to media-treated CD8+ T cells, 72 hours after activation. Significantly up- or down-regulated genes are highlighted respectively in pink or light blue. P values were calculated using Student’s t-test and adjusted by false discovery rate (FDR). Significance was set at adjusted p value (adjPval) ≤ 0.01, as indicated by the grey horizontal line. Dashed vertical lines indicate the threshold of differentially expressed transcripts (Log2 fold change ≥ 1 and ≤ -1). (C) Experimental design. CD8+ T cells were purified from mouse splenocytes and activated with anti-CD3/CD28 beads and IL-2 in media. After 12 hours, cells were counted, transferred into a metabolic flux analyzer, and exposed to either 40 mM NaCl, 40 mM sodium lactate (NaLac), or culture media prior to undergoing a glycolytic stress test. (D) Glycolytic stress test of mouse CD8+ T cells 12 hours after activation. Extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) and oxygen consumption rate (OCR) during injection of either media, 40 mM NaCl, or 40 mM NaLac, followed by 10 mM glucose, 1 µM oligomycin (oligo) and 50 mM 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG). ECAR and OCR are normalized to baseline levels. Data are the median and interquartile range of n = 6 independent mice. (E) Basal mitochondrial respiration, basal glycolysis and glycolytic capacity determined from the assay shown in (D) . Dotted line: median of NaCl-treated cells. Data is the median and interquartile range of n = 6 independent mouse donors, each assayed as 4 technical replicates. *P<0.01, ***P<0.0005, ****p<0.0001 RM one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. (F) Basal mitochondrial respiration and basal glycolysis determined from cells treated as in (C) , and after injection of either NaCl or NaLac with or without addition of 10 nM of the monocarboxylate transporter-1 (MCT-1) inhibitor AZD3985 or 50 μM of the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) inhibitor GSK2837808A. Data are the median and interquartile range of n = 5 independent mouse donors. **P<0.001, ****p<0.0001 two-way ANOVA with Šídák’s multiple comparisons test. ns, non significant.
    Antibodies Against Mct1, supplied by Santa Cruz Biotechnology, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 96/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/result/antibodies against mct1/product/Santa Cruz Biotechnology
    Average 96 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    antibodies against mct1 - by Bioz Stars, 2026-03
    96/100 stars
      Buy from Supplier

    Image Search Results


    GRB2 is elevated and has a poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. (A) Box plot shows the mRNA of GRB2 in normal and tumor tissues from UALCAN. (B) Box plot shows the protein level of GRB2 in normal and tumor tissues. (C) GRB2 immunohistochemical demonstration from the HPA database. (D) The survival curve for GRB2 in breast cancer patients from UALCAN. BRCA, breast invasion carcinoma.

    Journal: Cancer Medicine

    Article Title: GRB2 Promotes Malignant Behaviors of Breast Cancer by Modulating the Global Expression and Alternative Splicing Profiles in SK ‐ BR ‐3 Cells Through Binding mRNA

    doi: 10.1002/cam4.70905

    Figure Lengend Snippet: GRB2 is elevated and has a poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. (A) Box plot shows the mRNA of GRB2 in normal and tumor tissues from UALCAN. (B) Box plot shows the protein level of GRB2 in normal and tumor tissues. (C) GRB2 immunohistochemical demonstration from the HPA database. (D) The survival curve for GRB2 in breast cancer patients from UALCAN. BRCA, breast invasion carcinoma.

    Article Snippet: Following an hour of blocking the PVDF membranes, they were then exposed to primary antibodies against GRB2 (RRID:AB_2263543, anti‐GRB2, 1:1000, antibody produced in rabbit, 10254‐2‐AP; Proteintech, China) and ACTIN (RRID:AB_764433, 1:5000, generated in rabbit; Proteintech) for an hour.

    Techniques: Immunohistochemical staining

    GRB2 knockdown in cells. (A) RT‐PCR shows expression of mRNA in cells. (B) Western blot demonstrates the effectiveness of the GRB2 knockdown. SI (1–3): GRB2 knockdown by small interfering RNA; NC (1–3): Control group.

    Journal: Cancer Medicine

    Article Title: GRB2 Promotes Malignant Behaviors of Breast Cancer by Modulating the Global Expression and Alternative Splicing Profiles in SK ‐ BR ‐3 Cells Through Binding mRNA

    doi: 10.1002/cam4.70905

    Figure Lengend Snippet: GRB2 knockdown in cells. (A) RT‐PCR shows expression of mRNA in cells. (B) Western blot demonstrates the effectiveness of the GRB2 knockdown. SI (1–3): GRB2 knockdown by small interfering RNA; NC (1–3): Control group.

    Article Snippet: Following an hour of blocking the PVDF membranes, they were then exposed to primary antibodies against GRB2 (RRID:AB_2263543, anti‐GRB2, 1:1000, antibody produced in rabbit, 10254‐2‐AP; Proteintech, China) and ACTIN (RRID:AB_764433, 1:5000, generated in rabbit; Proteintech) for an hour.

    Techniques: Knockdown, Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction, Expressing, Western Blot, Small Interfering RNA, Control

    GRB2 regulates gene expression in cells. (A) PCA of samples after normalizing gene expression levels. (B) Volcano plot showing DEGs between si_GRB_2 and si_NC samples. (C) Heat map shows the level of DEGs. (D) Scatter plot displays the GO:BP of up‐regulated genes. (E) Scatter plot displays the GO:BP of down‐regulated genes. (F) Bar plot displays the pattern and difference of DEGs. *** p < 0.001.

    Journal: Cancer Medicine

    Article Title: GRB2 Promotes Malignant Behaviors of Breast Cancer by Modulating the Global Expression and Alternative Splicing Profiles in SK ‐ BR ‐3 Cells Through Binding mRNA

    doi: 10.1002/cam4.70905

    Figure Lengend Snippet: GRB2 regulates gene expression in cells. (A) PCA of samples after normalizing gene expression levels. (B) Volcano plot showing DEGs between si_GRB_2 and si_NC samples. (C) Heat map shows the level of DEGs. (D) Scatter plot displays the GO:BP of up‐regulated genes. (E) Scatter plot displays the GO:BP of down‐regulated genes. (F) Bar plot displays the pattern and difference of DEGs. *** p < 0.001.

    Article Snippet: Following an hour of blocking the PVDF membranes, they were then exposed to primary antibodies against GRB2 (RRID:AB_2263543, anti‐GRB2, 1:1000, antibody produced in rabbit, 10254‐2‐AP; Proteintech, China) and ACTIN (RRID:AB_764433, 1:5000, generated in rabbit; Proteintech) for an hour.

    Techniques: Gene Expression

    GRB2 regulates gene alternative splicing in SK‐BR‐3 cells. (A) Bar plot shows all RASEs in samples. (B) Boxplot shows the ratio of ASEs in samples. (C) Bar plot shows the gene number of ASEs. (D) Scatter plot exhibits the enriched GO:BP of the RASGs. (E) Bar plot shows the expression pattern and difference of genes. A3SS, alternative 3′ splice site; A5SS, alternative 5′ splice site; ASEs, alternative splicing events; MXE, mutually exclusive exons; RASEs, regulated alternative splicing events; RASGs, regulated alternative splicing genes. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001.

    Journal: Cancer Medicine

    Article Title: GRB2 Promotes Malignant Behaviors of Breast Cancer by Modulating the Global Expression and Alternative Splicing Profiles in SK ‐ BR ‐3 Cells Through Binding mRNA

    doi: 10.1002/cam4.70905

    Figure Lengend Snippet: GRB2 regulates gene alternative splicing in SK‐BR‐3 cells. (A) Bar plot shows all RASEs in samples. (B) Boxplot shows the ratio of ASEs in samples. (C) Bar plot shows the gene number of ASEs. (D) Scatter plot exhibits the enriched GO:BP of the RASGs. (E) Bar plot shows the expression pattern and difference of genes. A3SS, alternative 3′ splice site; A5SS, alternative 5′ splice site; ASEs, alternative splicing events; MXE, mutually exclusive exons; RASEs, regulated alternative splicing events; RASGs, regulated alternative splicing genes. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001.

    Article Snippet: Following an hour of blocking the PVDF membranes, they were then exposed to primary antibodies against GRB2 (RRID:AB_2263543, anti‐GRB2, 1:1000, antibody produced in rabbit, 10254‐2‐AP; Proteintech, China) and ACTIN (RRID:AB_764433, 1:5000, generated in rabbit; Proteintech) for an hour.

    Techniques: Alternative Splicing, Expressing

    GRB2 binds to mRNAs in cells. (A) Western blot of GRB2 immunoprecipitates (IP) via an anti‐Flag monoclonal antibody. (B) Pie chart illustrates the genomic distribution of GRB2‐bound peaks. (C) Motif results reveal the presence of enriched motifs in the GRB2‐bound peaks. (D) Venn diagram illustrates the overlapped peaks. (E) Scatter plot exhibits the most enriched GO:BP results.

    Journal: Cancer Medicine

    Article Title: GRB2 Promotes Malignant Behaviors of Breast Cancer by Modulating the Global Expression and Alternative Splicing Profiles in SK ‐ BR ‐3 Cells Through Binding mRNA

    doi: 10.1002/cam4.70905

    Figure Lengend Snippet: GRB2 binds to mRNAs in cells. (A) Western blot of GRB2 immunoprecipitates (IP) via an anti‐Flag monoclonal antibody. (B) Pie chart illustrates the genomic distribution of GRB2‐bound peaks. (C) Motif results reveal the presence of enriched motifs in the GRB2‐bound peaks. (D) Venn diagram illustrates the overlapped peaks. (E) Scatter plot exhibits the most enriched GO:BP results.

    Article Snippet: Following an hour of blocking the PVDF membranes, they were then exposed to primary antibodies against GRB2 (RRID:AB_2263543, anti‐GRB2, 1:1000, antibody produced in rabbit, 10254‐2‐AP; Proteintech, China) and ACTIN (RRID:AB_764433, 1:5000, generated in rabbit; Proteintech) for an hour.

    Techniques: Western Blot

    Integration exploration between GRB2‐bound RNAs and DEGs. (A) Venn diagram shows the overlapped genes between DEG and peaks genes. (B) Heat map shows the level of overlapped genes. (C) Bar plot shows the pattern and difference of DEGs.(D) GRB2‐binding peak genes of MESD. (E) GRB2‐binding peak genes of DIP2C. *** p < 0.001.

    Journal: Cancer Medicine

    Article Title: GRB2 Promotes Malignant Behaviors of Breast Cancer by Modulating the Global Expression and Alternative Splicing Profiles in SK ‐ BR ‐3 Cells Through Binding mRNA

    doi: 10.1002/cam4.70905

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Integration exploration between GRB2‐bound RNAs and DEGs. (A) Venn diagram shows the overlapped genes between DEG and peaks genes. (B) Heat map shows the level of overlapped genes. (C) Bar plot shows the pattern and difference of DEGs.(D) GRB2‐binding peak genes of MESD. (E) GRB2‐binding peak genes of DIP2C. *** p < 0.001.

    Article Snippet: Following an hour of blocking the PVDF membranes, they were then exposed to primary antibodies against GRB2 (RRID:AB_2263543, anti‐GRB2, 1:1000, antibody produced in rabbit, 10254‐2‐AP; Proteintech, China) and ACTIN (RRID:AB_764433, 1:5000, generated in rabbit; Proteintech) for an hour.

    Techniques: Binding Assay

    Integration exploration between GRB2‐bound RNAs and RASGs. (A) Venn diagram shows the overlapped peaks. (B) Scatter plot exhibits the enriched GO:BP results of peak genes. (C) Bar plot shows the expression pattern and difference of AS genes. (D) GRB2 regulates AS of GLS. (E) GRB2 modulates the process of AS for FBOX22. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01.

    Journal: Cancer Medicine

    Article Title: GRB2 Promotes Malignant Behaviors of Breast Cancer by Modulating the Global Expression and Alternative Splicing Profiles in SK ‐ BR ‐3 Cells Through Binding mRNA

    doi: 10.1002/cam4.70905

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Integration exploration between GRB2‐bound RNAs and RASGs. (A) Venn diagram shows the overlapped peaks. (B) Scatter plot exhibits the enriched GO:BP results of peak genes. (C) Bar plot shows the expression pattern and difference of AS genes. (D) GRB2 regulates AS of GLS. (E) GRB2 modulates the process of AS for FBOX22. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01.

    Article Snippet: Following an hour of blocking the PVDF membranes, they were then exposed to primary antibodies against GRB2 (RRID:AB_2263543, anti‐GRB2, 1:1000, antibody produced in rabbit, 10254‐2‐AP; Proteintech, China) and ACTIN (RRID:AB_764433, 1:5000, generated in rabbit; Proteintech) for an hour.

    Techniques: Expressing

    A Quantification of ppERK response to EGF (50 ng/mL) in Beas2B cells that were transfected with EML4-ALK (V1), EML4-ALK (∆TD), or kinase-dead EML4-ALK (K589M), or with an empty vector (EV). Data points represent mean ± SEM of three biological replicates, each representing 200–400 EV cells, 130-270-EML4-ALK (V1) cells, 55–160 EML4-ALK (∆TD) cells, or 260–450 EML4-ALK (K589M) cells. B Colocalization of EML4-ALK condensates with endogenously tagged GRB2 ( GRB2:mNG2 ). See Fig. for quantitation. Scale = 10 µm. C GRB2:mNG2 Beas2B cells were transiently transfected with EML4-ALK and stimulated with EGF (50 ng/mL) to visualize GRB2 translocation in the presence and absence of EML4-ALK (V1). D Impaired membrane translocation of GRB2 in the presence of EML4-ALK condensates. Time in mm:sec. See Supplementary Movie . E Line scan of GRB2 intensity distribution in the presence (red) or absence (gray) of EML4-ALK expression, as depicted in ( C ). F Quantitation of translocation of endogenous GRB2 or SOS1 in the presence (red) or absence (gray) of EML4-ALK. Boxplot indicates the median and upper/lower quartiles, and whiskers extend to 1.5*IQR. See Fig. for full quantitation. G GRB2 localization and translocation were visualized upon treatment with 1 µM ALKi and subsequent stimulation with EGF (50 ng/mL). Time in hh:mm. H Quantification of kinetics of GRB2 dissociation from condensates after ALKi treatment. I ALKi restores GRB2 and SOS translocation. Plot shows median translocation of endogenous adapters in cells expressing EML4-ALK(V1) represented as a fraction of translocation in the absence of EML4-ALK (V1). Data represent medians, error bars show 1st and 3rd quartiles of 1000 bootstrapped samples (distributions found in Fig. F, G). Significance assessed by one-sided bootstrap test for comparison of medians. See Fig. for underlying data and quantitation. J Immunoprecipitation of EGFR shows enhanced co-precipitation of GRB2 and SOS1 in the presence of both ALKi pretreatment and EGF in STE-1 cells. gray arrows: non-specific bands. K Densitometry quantification of three independent pulldowns. L Testing effect of GRB2 overexpression on ERK response. M Expression levels of GRB2-GFP or GFP analyzed in ( N , O ). N ppERK levels in the absence (open circles) or presence (closed circles) of EGF stimulation (50 ng/mL) as a function of expression levels of GFP or GRB2-GFP. Data represent mean ± SEM of three biological replicates, each representing the mean of 100–300 cells. O Absolute magnitude of ppERK increase for each expression bin from data shown in ( N ). Significance assessed by one-sided T-test, n = 3 biological replicates. P Fold-change of response calculated from data in ( N ). Q Conceptual model of how EML4-ALK suppresses transmembrane RTKs. EML4-ALK sequesters adapters like GRB2/SOS1 and prohibits their translocation to activated RTKs. ALK inhibition releases adapter sequestration and restores cellular response to RTK stimulation.

    Journal: Nature Communications

    Article Title: Oncogenic EML4-ALK assemblies suppress growth factor perception and modulate drug tolerance

    doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-53451-7

    Figure Lengend Snippet: A Quantification of ppERK response to EGF (50 ng/mL) in Beas2B cells that were transfected with EML4-ALK (V1), EML4-ALK (∆TD), or kinase-dead EML4-ALK (K589M), or with an empty vector (EV). Data points represent mean ± SEM of three biological replicates, each representing 200–400 EV cells, 130-270-EML4-ALK (V1) cells, 55–160 EML4-ALK (∆TD) cells, or 260–450 EML4-ALK (K589M) cells. B Colocalization of EML4-ALK condensates with endogenously tagged GRB2 ( GRB2:mNG2 ). See Fig. for quantitation. Scale = 10 µm. C GRB2:mNG2 Beas2B cells were transiently transfected with EML4-ALK and stimulated with EGF (50 ng/mL) to visualize GRB2 translocation in the presence and absence of EML4-ALK (V1). D Impaired membrane translocation of GRB2 in the presence of EML4-ALK condensates. Time in mm:sec. See Supplementary Movie . E Line scan of GRB2 intensity distribution in the presence (red) or absence (gray) of EML4-ALK expression, as depicted in ( C ). F Quantitation of translocation of endogenous GRB2 or SOS1 in the presence (red) or absence (gray) of EML4-ALK. Boxplot indicates the median and upper/lower quartiles, and whiskers extend to 1.5*IQR. See Fig. for full quantitation. G GRB2 localization and translocation were visualized upon treatment with 1 µM ALKi and subsequent stimulation with EGF (50 ng/mL). Time in hh:mm. H Quantification of kinetics of GRB2 dissociation from condensates after ALKi treatment. I ALKi restores GRB2 and SOS translocation. Plot shows median translocation of endogenous adapters in cells expressing EML4-ALK(V1) represented as a fraction of translocation in the absence of EML4-ALK (V1). Data represent medians, error bars show 1st and 3rd quartiles of 1000 bootstrapped samples (distributions found in Fig. F, G). Significance assessed by one-sided bootstrap test for comparison of medians. See Fig. for underlying data and quantitation. J Immunoprecipitation of EGFR shows enhanced co-precipitation of GRB2 and SOS1 in the presence of both ALKi pretreatment and EGF in STE-1 cells. gray arrows: non-specific bands. K Densitometry quantification of three independent pulldowns. L Testing effect of GRB2 overexpression on ERK response. M Expression levels of GRB2-GFP or GFP analyzed in ( N , O ). N ppERK levels in the absence (open circles) or presence (closed circles) of EGF stimulation (50 ng/mL) as a function of expression levels of GFP or GRB2-GFP. Data represent mean ± SEM of three biological replicates, each representing the mean of 100–300 cells. O Absolute magnitude of ppERK increase for each expression bin from data shown in ( N ). Significance assessed by one-sided T-test, n = 3 biological replicates. P Fold-change of response calculated from data in ( N ). Q Conceptual model of how EML4-ALK suppresses transmembrane RTKs. EML4-ALK sequesters adapters like GRB2/SOS1 and prohibits their translocation to activated RTKs. ALK inhibition releases adapter sequestration and restores cellular response to RTK stimulation.

    Article Snippet: Membranes were blocked in 5% milk in Tris buffer saline with 0.5% Tween-20 (TBS-T) for 1 h and incubated overnight at 4 °C with primary antibodies against EGFR (CST #4267), SOS1 (CST #5890), SPRY2 (CST #14954), pERK1/2 (CST #4370), ERK (CST #4695), ALK (CST #3633) tubulin (CST #3873) or GRB2 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, PA1-10033).

    Techniques: Transfection, Plasmid Preparation, Quantitation Assay, Translocation Assay, Membrane, Expressing, Comparison, Immunoprecipitation, Over Expression, Inhibition

    A Three common oncogenic variants of EML4-ALK (Variants 1–3) share a common ALK fragment but differ in the lengths of the EML4 domain. B Expression of mCh-EML4-ALK(V1/2/3) in GRB2:mNG2 Beas2B cells showed condensation of each variant as well as the propensity of the condensates to colocalize with GRB2. Scale = 10 µm. C Quantification of puncta per cell for each variant. D Quantification of the percent of EML4-ALK puncta that overlap with GRB2 puncta in each cell. Boxplots in ( C , D ) show median and upper/lower quartile, and whiskers extend to 1.5*IQR. C , D Data points represent 18 (V1), 28 (V2), and 21 (V3) cells. E Translocation was quantified by identifying the cell edge and defining a 10 pixel ring into the cytoplasm (“edge”). The remaining cell pixels beyond this ring wire designated as the cell “core”. Membrane localization was defined as the ratio of mean edge fluorescence to mean core fluorescence. Translocation was defined as the difference in adapter membrane localization after 1.5 min of EGF stimulation vs pre-stimulation. F , G Quantitation of translocation of GRB2 ( F ) or SOS ( G ) for cells transfected with one of the 3 EML4-ALK variants or for neighboring untransfected cells (wt). Due to small variations in imaging plane between acquisitions, the absolute magnitude of translocation differed between variants and drug conditions (note the differences in untransfected Beas2B responses, which are equivalent conditions between panels). However, cells with or without EML4-ALK (black vs. red in the same panel) were imaged in the same field of view and thus can be compared directly. Data points represent individual cells. For ( F ), n = 57(WT)/40(V1), 170(WT)/42(V2), 24(WT)/34(V3) cells. For ( G ), n = 46(WT)/50(V1), 50(WT)/27(V2), 67(WT)/40(V3) cells. Boxplots show median and upper/lower quartile, and whiskers extend to 1.5*IQR. H Definition of the magnitude of translocation. I , J Comparison of translocation suppression of GRB2 ( F ) or SOS1 ( G ) for each of the three variants. Data represent median translocation suppression from resampling of 1000 bootstrapped samples. Error bars show lower and upper quartiles. Significance determined by either one-sided T-test (panels F , G ) or one-sided bootstrap test (panels I , J ). Data for Variant 1 in ( F – J ) is reproduced from Fig. . K Beas2B cells were transfected with EML4-ALK-2A-H2B-miRFP constructs for one of 3 EML4-ALK variants (V1, V2, V3), or with an H2B-iRFP control, and ppERK levels were assessed after stimulation with EGF (15 min, 50 ng/mL) in the presence or absence of ALKi (1 µM crizotinib, 2 h), through immunofluorescence. L Quantification of ppERK immunostaining after EGF stimulation of Beas2B transiently expressing EML4-ALK in the presence or absence of ALKi. Significance assessed by Hsu MCB test. n = 8 biological replicates. M ppERK response in the presence and absence of ALKi pretreatment. Data points represent the mean ppErk intensity of 20–60 cells. Significance assessed by one-sided T-test. n = 8 biological replicates. Gray bars in ( M ) are reproduced from ( L ) for direct comparison to between non-treated and ALKi-treated cells.

    Journal: Nature Communications

    Article Title: Oncogenic EML4-ALK assemblies suppress growth factor perception and modulate drug tolerance

    doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-53451-7

    Figure Lengend Snippet: A Three common oncogenic variants of EML4-ALK (Variants 1–3) share a common ALK fragment but differ in the lengths of the EML4 domain. B Expression of mCh-EML4-ALK(V1/2/3) in GRB2:mNG2 Beas2B cells showed condensation of each variant as well as the propensity of the condensates to colocalize with GRB2. Scale = 10 µm. C Quantification of puncta per cell for each variant. D Quantification of the percent of EML4-ALK puncta that overlap with GRB2 puncta in each cell. Boxplots in ( C , D ) show median and upper/lower quartile, and whiskers extend to 1.5*IQR. C , D Data points represent 18 (V1), 28 (V2), and 21 (V3) cells. E Translocation was quantified by identifying the cell edge and defining a 10 pixel ring into the cytoplasm (“edge”). The remaining cell pixels beyond this ring wire designated as the cell “core”. Membrane localization was defined as the ratio of mean edge fluorescence to mean core fluorescence. Translocation was defined as the difference in adapter membrane localization after 1.5 min of EGF stimulation vs pre-stimulation. F , G Quantitation of translocation of GRB2 ( F ) or SOS ( G ) for cells transfected with one of the 3 EML4-ALK variants or for neighboring untransfected cells (wt). Due to small variations in imaging plane between acquisitions, the absolute magnitude of translocation differed between variants and drug conditions (note the differences in untransfected Beas2B responses, which are equivalent conditions between panels). However, cells with or without EML4-ALK (black vs. red in the same panel) were imaged in the same field of view and thus can be compared directly. Data points represent individual cells. For ( F ), n = 57(WT)/40(V1), 170(WT)/42(V2), 24(WT)/34(V3) cells. For ( G ), n = 46(WT)/50(V1), 50(WT)/27(V2), 67(WT)/40(V3) cells. Boxplots show median and upper/lower quartile, and whiskers extend to 1.5*IQR. H Definition of the magnitude of translocation. I , J Comparison of translocation suppression of GRB2 ( F ) or SOS1 ( G ) for each of the three variants. Data represent median translocation suppression from resampling of 1000 bootstrapped samples. Error bars show lower and upper quartiles. Significance determined by either one-sided T-test (panels F , G ) or one-sided bootstrap test (panels I , J ). Data for Variant 1 in ( F – J ) is reproduced from Fig. . K Beas2B cells were transfected with EML4-ALK-2A-H2B-miRFP constructs for one of 3 EML4-ALK variants (V1, V2, V3), or with an H2B-iRFP control, and ppERK levels were assessed after stimulation with EGF (15 min, 50 ng/mL) in the presence or absence of ALKi (1 µM crizotinib, 2 h), through immunofluorescence. L Quantification of ppERK immunostaining after EGF stimulation of Beas2B transiently expressing EML4-ALK in the presence or absence of ALKi. Significance assessed by Hsu MCB test. n = 8 biological replicates. M ppERK response in the presence and absence of ALKi pretreatment. Data points represent the mean ppErk intensity of 20–60 cells. Significance assessed by one-sided T-test. n = 8 biological replicates. Gray bars in ( M ) are reproduced from ( L ) for direct comparison to between non-treated and ALKi-treated cells.

    Article Snippet: Membranes were blocked in 5% milk in Tris buffer saline with 0.5% Tween-20 (TBS-T) for 1 h and incubated overnight at 4 °C with primary antibodies against EGFR (CST #4267), SOS1 (CST #5890), SPRY2 (CST #14954), pERK1/2 (CST #4370), ERK (CST #4695), ALK (CST #3633) tubulin (CST #3873) or GRB2 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, PA1-10033).

    Techniques: Expressing, Variant Assay, Translocation Assay, Membrane, Fluorescence, Quantitation Assay, Transfection, Imaging, Comparison, Construct, Control, Immunofluorescence, Immunostaining

    Fig. 1 GRB2 and BECN1 co-immunoprecipitate in multiple cell lines. GRB2 was immunoprecipitated from different cell lines followed by western blotting analysis: A BT-474, SKBR3 and MDA-MB-361 cells were treated with Torin (0.25 μM for 3 h, or DMSO control). Asterisk indicates the band for BECN1, the bottom band on the IP panel corresponds to the IgG heavy chain; B MCF7 cells overexpressing the indicated plasmids and treated with Torin 1 (or DMSO control; 3 h, 0.25 μM); C HeLa cells overexpressing FLAG-BECN1 (BECN1) or an empty vector control (V), the arrow indicates the band for GRB2, the bottom band on the IP panel corresponds to the IgG light chain. IP: immunoprecipitation; IgG: IgG control; V: Vector control; WCL: whole cell lysate.

    Journal: Cell death & disease

    Article Title: GRB2 is a BECN1 interacting protein that regulates autophagy.

    doi: 10.1038/s41419-023-06387-7

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 1 GRB2 and BECN1 co-immunoprecipitate in multiple cell lines. GRB2 was immunoprecipitated from different cell lines followed by western blotting analysis: A BT-474, SKBR3 and MDA-MB-361 cells were treated with Torin (0.25 μM for 3 h, or DMSO control). Asterisk indicates the band for BECN1, the bottom band on the IP panel corresponds to the IgG heavy chain; B MCF7 cells overexpressing the indicated plasmids and treated with Torin 1 (or DMSO control; 3 h, 0.25 μM); C HeLa cells overexpressing FLAG-BECN1 (BECN1) or an empty vector control (V), the arrow indicates the band for GRB2, the bottom band on the IP panel corresponds to the IgG light chain. IP: immunoprecipitation; IgG: IgG control; V: Vector control; WCL: whole cell lysate.

    Article Snippet: Antibodies against GRB2 (Cell Signaling, #3972) and p62 (Progen, GP62-C) were tested for their use in RPPA as shown in Supplementary Fig. S6F, G. Representative slides were stained for total protein quantification using Fast Green FCF protein dye as described before [30], and signal intensities of individual spots were quantified using Cell Death and Disease (2024) 15:14 GenePixPro 7.0 (Molecular Services Inc.).

    Techniques: Immunoprecipitation, Western Blot, Control, Plasmid Preparation

    Fig. 3 Identification of essential residues of GRB2 for its function in autophagy. Predicted binding modes of BECN1 ECD with GRB2 SH2 domain (A) and N-terminal SH3 domain (B). SH2 and SH3 consensus binding motifs in BECN1 are colored red. C BECN1 immunoprecipitation of stable HeLa cells expressing GRB2 wild type (WT), or the indicated mutants. HeLa cells overexpressing the indicated proteins were analyzed by (D) western blot, E HiBiT-LC3 luminescence assay (n = 5), and (F, G) GFP-2xFYVE assay (2.5 mM 3-MA for 3 h), n = 3. HeLa cells stably expressing the indicated constructs were transfected with siRNA targeting GRB2, siGRB2 (or a non-targeting oligo, siNC) and analyzed by (H) HiBiT-LC3 luminescence assay (n = 4), I numbers of GFP-LC3 puncta (n = 3), and (J) Hoescht staining (n = 3). V: Vector; WCL: whole cell lysate; Asterisk indicates the band corresponding to HA-GRB2 in C. Data are presented as mean ± S.E.M, and a minimum of 50 cells were counted. * compared to V, #, compared to WT. ***, P < 0.001; **, P < 0.01; *, P < 0.05; n.s., nonsignificant, one-way ANOVA test.

    Journal: Cell death & disease

    Article Title: GRB2 is a BECN1 interacting protein that regulates autophagy.

    doi: 10.1038/s41419-023-06387-7

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 3 Identification of essential residues of GRB2 for its function in autophagy. Predicted binding modes of BECN1 ECD with GRB2 SH2 domain (A) and N-terminal SH3 domain (B). SH2 and SH3 consensus binding motifs in BECN1 are colored red. C BECN1 immunoprecipitation of stable HeLa cells expressing GRB2 wild type (WT), or the indicated mutants. HeLa cells overexpressing the indicated proteins were analyzed by (D) western blot, E HiBiT-LC3 luminescence assay (n = 5), and (F, G) GFP-2xFYVE assay (2.5 mM 3-MA for 3 h), n = 3. HeLa cells stably expressing the indicated constructs were transfected with siRNA targeting GRB2, siGRB2 (or a non-targeting oligo, siNC) and analyzed by (H) HiBiT-LC3 luminescence assay (n = 4), I numbers of GFP-LC3 puncta (n = 3), and (J) Hoescht staining (n = 3). V: Vector; WCL: whole cell lysate; Asterisk indicates the band corresponding to HA-GRB2 in C. Data are presented as mean ± S.E.M, and a minimum of 50 cells were counted. * compared to V, #, compared to WT. ***, P < 0.001; **, P < 0.01; *, P < 0.05; n.s., nonsignificant, one-way ANOVA test.

    Article Snippet: Antibodies against GRB2 (Cell Signaling, #3972) and p62 (Progen, GP62-C) were tested for their use in RPPA as shown in Supplementary Fig. S6F, G. Representative slides were stained for total protein quantification using Fast Green FCF protein dye as described before [30], and signal intensities of individual spots were quantified using Cell Death and Disease (2024) 15:14 GenePixPro 7.0 (Molecular Services Inc.).

    Techniques: Binding Assay, Immunoprecipitation, Expressing, Western Blot, Luminescence Assay, Stable Transfection, Construct, Transfection, Staining, Plasmid Preparation

    Fig. 4 GRB2 loss-of-function mutants decrease tumor growth on a CAM model. A WB analysis of HeLa cells stably expressing an empty vector (V), a GRB2 wild-type plasmid (WT), or the indicated mutants on implantation day, B percentage of tumors obtained, C pictures of extracted tumors, D representation of tumor volume. Data are shown as mean ± S.E.M. **, P < 0.01; *, P < 0.05; t-test with Mann-Whitney correction, E histological analysis of extracted CAM tumor samples, and p62 quantification (F). GRB2 and p62 correlation from gene expression analysis of the BRCA-TCGA (G) and METABRIC (H) datasets. I GRB2 and p62 correlation from RPPA analysis. J Overall survival and (K) progression free survival of breast cancer patients from the PiA dataset. H&E: hematoxylin eosin, MAB231: nuclei marker.

    Journal: Cell death & disease

    Article Title: GRB2 is a BECN1 interacting protein that regulates autophagy.

    doi: 10.1038/s41419-023-06387-7

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 4 GRB2 loss-of-function mutants decrease tumor growth on a CAM model. A WB analysis of HeLa cells stably expressing an empty vector (V), a GRB2 wild-type plasmid (WT), or the indicated mutants on implantation day, B percentage of tumors obtained, C pictures of extracted tumors, D representation of tumor volume. Data are shown as mean ± S.E.M. **, P < 0.01; *, P < 0.05; t-test with Mann-Whitney correction, E histological analysis of extracted CAM tumor samples, and p62 quantification (F). GRB2 and p62 correlation from gene expression analysis of the BRCA-TCGA (G) and METABRIC (H) datasets. I GRB2 and p62 correlation from RPPA analysis. J Overall survival and (K) progression free survival of breast cancer patients from the PiA dataset. H&E: hematoxylin eosin, MAB231: nuclei marker.

    Article Snippet: Antibodies against GRB2 (Cell Signaling, #3972) and p62 (Progen, GP62-C) were tested for their use in RPPA as shown in Supplementary Fig. S6F, G. Representative slides were stained for total protein quantification using Fast Green FCF protein dye as described before [30], and signal intensities of individual spots were quantified using Cell Death and Disease (2024) 15:14 GenePixPro 7.0 (Molecular Services Inc.).

    Techniques: Stable Transfection, Expressing, Plasmid Preparation, MANN-WHITNEY, Gene Expression, Marker

    Lactate modulates CD8+ T cell metabolism. (A, B) Volcano plot generated from the RNA-seq data, representing differentially expressed TCA cycle (A) or glycolytic (B) genes in NaLac- relative to media-treated CD8+ T cells, 72 hours after activation. Significantly up- or down-regulated genes are highlighted respectively in pink or light blue. P values were calculated using Student’s t-test and adjusted by false discovery rate (FDR). Significance was set at adjusted p value (adjPval) ≤ 0.01, as indicated by the grey horizontal line. Dashed vertical lines indicate the threshold of differentially expressed transcripts (Log2 fold change ≥ 1 and ≤ -1). (C) Experimental design. CD8+ T cells were purified from mouse splenocytes and activated with anti-CD3/CD28 beads and IL-2 in media. After 12 hours, cells were counted, transferred into a metabolic flux analyzer, and exposed to either 40 mM NaCl, 40 mM sodium lactate (NaLac), or culture media prior to undergoing a glycolytic stress test. (D) Glycolytic stress test of mouse CD8+ T cells 12 hours after activation. Extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) and oxygen consumption rate (OCR) during injection of either media, 40 mM NaCl, or 40 mM NaLac, followed by 10 mM glucose, 1 µM oligomycin (oligo) and 50 mM 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG). ECAR and OCR are normalized to baseline levels. Data are the median and interquartile range of n = 6 independent mice. (E) Basal mitochondrial respiration, basal glycolysis and glycolytic capacity determined from the assay shown in (D) . Dotted line: median of NaCl-treated cells. Data is the median and interquartile range of n = 6 independent mouse donors, each assayed as 4 technical replicates. *P<0.01, ***P<0.0005, ****p<0.0001 RM one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. (F) Basal mitochondrial respiration and basal glycolysis determined from cells treated as in (C) , and after injection of either NaCl or NaLac with or without addition of 10 nM of the monocarboxylate transporter-1 (MCT-1) inhibitor AZD3985 or 50 μM of the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) inhibitor GSK2837808A. Data are the median and interquartile range of n = 5 independent mouse donors. **P<0.001, ****p<0.0001 two-way ANOVA with Šídák’s multiple comparisons test. ns, non significant.

    Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

    Article Title: Lactate exposure shapes the metabolic and transcriptomic profile of CD8+ T cells

    doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1101433

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Lactate modulates CD8+ T cell metabolism. (A, B) Volcano plot generated from the RNA-seq data, representing differentially expressed TCA cycle (A) or glycolytic (B) genes in NaLac- relative to media-treated CD8+ T cells, 72 hours after activation. Significantly up- or down-regulated genes are highlighted respectively in pink or light blue. P values were calculated using Student’s t-test and adjusted by false discovery rate (FDR). Significance was set at adjusted p value (adjPval) ≤ 0.01, as indicated by the grey horizontal line. Dashed vertical lines indicate the threshold of differentially expressed transcripts (Log2 fold change ≥ 1 and ≤ -1). (C) Experimental design. CD8+ T cells were purified from mouse splenocytes and activated with anti-CD3/CD28 beads and IL-2 in media. After 12 hours, cells were counted, transferred into a metabolic flux analyzer, and exposed to either 40 mM NaCl, 40 mM sodium lactate (NaLac), or culture media prior to undergoing a glycolytic stress test. (D) Glycolytic stress test of mouse CD8+ T cells 12 hours after activation. Extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) and oxygen consumption rate (OCR) during injection of either media, 40 mM NaCl, or 40 mM NaLac, followed by 10 mM glucose, 1 µM oligomycin (oligo) and 50 mM 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG). ECAR and OCR are normalized to baseline levels. Data are the median and interquartile range of n = 6 independent mice. (E) Basal mitochondrial respiration, basal glycolysis and glycolytic capacity determined from the assay shown in (D) . Dotted line: median of NaCl-treated cells. Data is the median and interquartile range of n = 6 independent mouse donors, each assayed as 4 technical replicates. *P<0.01, ***P<0.0005, ****p<0.0001 RM one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. (F) Basal mitochondrial respiration and basal glycolysis determined from cells treated as in (C) , and after injection of either NaCl or NaLac with or without addition of 10 nM of the monocarboxylate transporter-1 (MCT-1) inhibitor AZD3985 or 50 μM of the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) inhibitor GSK2837808A. Data are the median and interquartile range of n = 5 independent mouse donors. **P<0.001, ****p<0.0001 two-way ANOVA with Šídák’s multiple comparisons test. ns, non significant.

    Article Snippet: For each sample, 15 μg of total protein were separated in SDS-PAGE, blotted onto a PVDF membrane and probed with antibodies against MCT1 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology Cat# sc-50325, RRID : AB_2083632), MCT4 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology Cat# sc-50329, RRID : AB_2189333), GzmB (Cell Signaling Technology Cat# 4275, RRID : AB_2114432) and PPIB (ABclonal Cat# A7713, RRID : AB_2771764) and detected using infra-red labeled secondary antibodies in an Odyssey imaging system (LICOR).

    Techniques: Generated, RNA Sequencing, Activation Assay, Purification, Injection